Shaking Up Islam in America

By Asra Q. Nomani

Pundits have long been asking whether Islam is ready for a reform. The answer is that across the U.S., a quiet tide of Islamic reform is very much under way. In Chicago last year, the Downtown Islamic Center made room for four women on its board after they protested the design of a new mosque that would have given women inadequate space in which to pray. Instead, women got access to the main hall when the new mosque opened in July. In Dearborn, Mich., earlier this year, Imam Mohammed Mardini welcomed Christian women who weren't covering their hair, over the protests of men who wanted them barred. In Sacramento, Calif., not long ago, mosque leaders wrote their bylaws with clauses guaranteeing tolerance and gender equity. In New York City an emagazine, Muslim WakeUp!, organizes monthly gatherings for Muslims who want to make their communities more tolerant.

Over the past year I have found myself on the front lines of the struggle over Islam's future in America. Last November, my mother, niece and I walked through the front door of our hometown mosque in Morgantown, W.Va., and prayed in the main sanctuary. In so doing we defied a policy that women enter through a back door and pray in an isolated balcony. Then, in the spring, my father resigned from the board of the mosque to protest speeches spewed from the pulpit that were hateful to non-Muslims. As a result of our protests, my family was vilified by local Muslims. I even face a secret trial to banish me from the mosque.

But our protests have also helped bring about a transformation. In May the first woman was elected to mosque leadership. In June mosque authorities publicly reversed policy and said women could enter through the front door and pray in the main hall. Since our actions began, more women attend worship services. Last month we won an even bigger victory. A Ph.D. student declared from the pulpit that "one of the most important fundamentals of our religion is to love and be loyal to Islam and the Muslims and to hate and renounce the disbelievers," the "cursed" Jews and Christians. I immediately protested the sermon, as did others. In the past, leaders have looked the other way. This time they called an emergency meeting and did the right thing. They fired the student from his post giving sermons.

Those of us pushing for reforms are not seeking to change Islam. We are questioning defective doctrine from an intellectual and theological position, using the Koran, the traditions of the Prophet Muhammad and ijtihad, or critical reasoning, as ideological weapons in the war over how Muslim communities define themselves. Islamic scholar Amina Wadud notes that we are emboldened to take public action to reject the way extremists have defined Islam since 9/11. We are in the midst of jihad li tajdid al-ruh al-Islami, a struggle for the soul of Islam.

The dilemma facing most Muslims is that this war pits us against ourselves. For guidance, we need look no further than the lessons from the time of the Prophet Muhammad. In Mecca in the 7th century, the Prophet faced off against his own tribe, the Quraysh, for worshipping false idols. In much the same way, modern Muslims are pitted against people worshipping false idols of hatred, violence and intolerance. After he fled Mecca, the Prophet heard a chapter of the Koran called Al-Nisa (The Women), which said, "O ye who believe! Stand out firmly for justice as witnesses to God, even if it may be against yourselves, your parents or your kin." With this philosophy, he built a vibrant, inclusive community and returned to Mecca to claim the city that is today the heart of Islam.

The rest of the Muslim world is watching how reform takes hold in the American Muslim community. Throughout the world, Muslims have been forced to explore the meaning of their beliefs. But as Malika Zeghal, a visiting scholar of Islam at the University of Chicago Divinity School, points out, it is in America, with its freedoms, that Muslims can reform not just their souls but also their communities. "In the rest of the world, Muslims are making change in the inner world," she says. "American Muslims also feel empowered to make change externally."

The test is here and now for the building of a new, 21st century Muslim community, based on the principles Islam gave us in the 7th century. Reform is inevitable, but it won't come easy.

Asra Q. Nomani is a journalist and the author of the forthcoming Standing Alone in Mecca, about women's place in Islam