World Notes SOVIET UNION

By all accounts, the 1990 harvest should have been good news for Mikhail Gorbachev. After five years of the worst yields in modern Soviet history, the country has finally produced a bumper crop -- up to 300 million tons of grain alone, vs. 211 million last year. Unfortunately, this bounty is in danger of perishing before it ever reaches market. An extreme shortage of labor, machinery, storage facilities and fuel is part of an old bureaucratic system that has ceased functioning, and a new method of efficiently harvesting and transporting food has not yet been developed. Officials recruited thousands of additional workers and commandeered hundreds of trucks and other equipment from factories, but more than 50 million tons of grain may already be spoiling in the fields. In the past, the Soviet government lost as much as one-third of the harvest, but this year, because the crops are so much larger, losses are likely to be much worse.