Shivering Nishimura

More Japanese were killed by Chinese weather than by Chinese bullets during the cocky little Empire's sub-zero conquest of Manchukuo (TIME, Jan. 4, 1932). Last week in Finland arrived the Japanese General Staff's noncommittal Captain Nishimura. "I shall stay here two years to study conditions," said he, shivering.

Since cocky little Finland has not the slightest fear of Japan but hates and fears Japan's No. 1 enemy Russia, Finnish Army officers prepared to give Captain Nishimura every scrap of secret information on how to keep troops and war gear efficiently in action at temperatures down to -40DEG.

Strategic Finnish railways, for example, run in winter under snow sheds or wood-lined tunnels through the snow, keep punctually on schedule. All winter long the trans-Norwegian Oslo-Bergen Railway speeds on time between Oslo and Bergen, the chief port for England, a run of 320 miles, made twice daily under numerous sheds buried for months beneath from ten to 40 ft. of snow.

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